Fishguard | Abergwaun
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Fishguard is a coastal town in north Pembrokeshire, overlooking Cardigan Bay. Its name in Welsh, Abergwaun, reflects its position at the mouth of the Gwaun river; its name in English derives from the Old Norse Fiskigarðr – ‘fish-catching enclosure’ – and reveals the town’s long history as a trading port. Goods such as limestone, coal, slate, wool and foodstuffs all passed through its harbour.
The prosperity of the port attracted the attention of raiders: in 1779 the privateer Black Prince captured a local ship, demanding £1000 ransom. When the townspeople refused to pay up, the privateer’s crew bombarded Fishguard, damaging local houses and St Mary’s Church (which was subsequently renovated and is home to some fine stained glass windows). Castle Point Old Fort was built in response to this episode: it was from here that the Welsh fired cannon at French forces in the ‘Last Invasion of Britain’ in February 1797. Led by the Irish-American William Tate, the French Légion Noire landed at Carregwastad Point on 22 February. They were about 1400 strong, but badly organized, and surrendered unconditionally on Goodwick Sands after three days.
Two hundred years later, these events were commemorated in a 100-foot long tapestry created by the community, now displayed in the Town Hall. As the old port declined in the nineteenth century, the arrival of the railway in 1906 brought transatlantic liners to nearby Goodwick (Gwdig), where a new harbour was built and from where Stena Line now runs its passenger service to Rosslare. Fishguard was also home to the antiquarian Richard Fenton (1747–1821) and the Welsh writer D.J. Williams (1885–1970). The picturesque quayside at Lower Town famously featured in the films Moby Dick (1956) and Under Milk Wood (1972).
Tref ar arfordir gogledd Sir Benfro yw Abergwaun, sy’n edrych allan dros Fae Ceredigion. Mae ei henw Cymraeg yn adlewyrchu ei safle ar geg afon Gwaun a’i henw Saesneg, Fishguard, yn tarddu o’r Hen Norseg Fiskigarðr ‘man caeedig ar gyfer dal pysgod’ ac yn datgelu hanes hir y dref fel porthladd masnachu. Roedd nwyddau fel calchfaen, glo, llechi, gwlân a bwydydd i gyd yn mynd drwy ei harbwr.
Denodd ffyniant y porthladd sylw ysbeilwyr: yn 1779 cipiwyd llong leol gan breifatîr a elwid y Black Prince, a mynnodd bridwerth o fil o bunnau amdani. Pan wrthododd pobl y dref dalu, aeth criw’r preifatîr ati i ymosod ar Abergwaun gyda magnelau gan ddifrodi tai lleol ac eglwys y Santes Fair (a adnewyddwyd yn ddiweddarach ac sy’n gartref i ffenestri lliw cain). Codwyd Hen Gaer Trwyn y Castell o ganlyniad i’r digwyddiad hwn: oddi yma y taniodd y Cymry ganon at luoedd Ffrainc yn ystod ‘Goresgyniad Olaf Prydain’ ym mis Chwefror 1797. Dan arweiniad yr Americanwr o dras Wyddelig William Tate, glaniodd Légion Noire y Ffrancwyr ar Drwyn Carregwastad ar 22 Chwefror. Roedd cynifer â 1,400 ohonynt ond roeddent yn brin o ddisgyblaeth a bu’n rhaid iddynt ildio’n ddiamod ar Draeth Wdig ymhen tridiau.
Ddau gan mlynedd yn ddiweddarach, cafodd y digwyddiadau hyn eu coffáu ar dapestri can troedfedd o hyd a grëwyd gan y gymuned, sydd bellach yn cael ei arddangos yn Neuadd y Dref. Wrth i’r hen borthladd ddirywio yn y bedwaredd ganrif ar bymtheg, daeth dyfodiad y rheilffordd yn 1906 â llongau trawsiwerydd i Wdig gerllaw, ac adeiladwyd harbwr newydd yno. Oddi yma y mae cwmni Stena Line bellach yn rhedeg ei wasanaeth teithwyr i Ros Láir (Rosslare). Bu Abergwaun hefyd yn gartref i’r hynafiaethydd Richard Fenton (1747–1821) a’r llenor D. J. Williams (1885–1970). Ymddangosodd cei prydferth Cwm Abergwaun yn y ffilmiau